11,301 research outputs found
An alternative approach to equivariant stable homotopy theory
Building on the work of Martin Stolz, we develop the basics of equivariant
stable homotopy theory starting from the simple idea that a G- spectrum should
just be a spectrum with an action of G on it, in contrast to the usual approach
in which the definition of a G-spectrum depends on a choice of universe.Comment: 14 page
Strategic Trade Policy with Polynomial Costs
ï»ż We investigate how the superiority of the optimal subsidy or tariff in an international Cournot oligopoly depends on the production technology used in the industry, an interesting issue that has not been analyzed in the literature. We establish that the welfare superiority of the optimal subsidy or tariff depends on the relative steepness of the firms' common marginal cost curve: when it is relatively steep, tariffs are superior to subsidies in enhancing domestic welfare, and vice versa. When both instruments are used simultaneously, the tariff component becomes more important as the marginal cost curve steepens.
RFID in the supply chain: lessons from European early adopters
Purpose Radio frequency identification (RFID) is increasingly being presented as
a technology with the potential to improve supply chain performance, but
empirical evidence from early adopters is sparse. This paper aims to rectify
this scarcity and contribute to a more informed discussion in and between
academic and practitioner communities. Design/Methodology/Approach The paper is
based on a conceptual model of factors influencing the success of adoption
efforts. It then reports the results of a survey of 612 European supply chain
managers, focusing on the 128 respondents who have begun RFID trials. Findings A
significant influence on operational deployment is the presence of mandates from
key customers requiring the technologyâs use. Customer mandates also impact the
anticipated benefits of a faster sales cycle and of enhanced systems
integration, though the relationships are complex. By contrast, greater cost
reduction benefits are anticipated in two industries where mandates are less
common â industrial goods and logistics. Perceived organizational innovativeness
positively impacts anticipated ROI from RFID. Companies adopting a âslap and
shipâ approach are less likely to anticipate pricing benefits than those
integrating RFID into enterprise systems Research Limitations/Implications The
limitations of the paper include the limited sample size of early adopters. In
addition, qualitative research is needed into RFID supply chain applications and
into different approaches to IS integration of RFID, to inform future survey
work. Practical Implications This paper informs supply chain managers and senior
decision makers who are examining the potential of RFID technology. It offers
guidance on what issues to look for when adopting this technology, approaches to
take and the benefits that might be accrued. Originality/Valuer This paper
offers a major contribution to understanding the current status of the adoption
of RFID in European supply chains. This understanding is put in the context of
the wider literatures on supply chain management and the adoption of information
systems and te
"Sample Variance" in Small-Scale CMB Anisotropy Experiments
We discuss the effects of finite sky coverage and the uncertainty in
extracting information about the power spectrum from experiments on small
angular scales. In general the cosmic variance is enhanced by a factor of
, where is the solid angle sampled by the experiment. As a rough
guide, an experiment with sensitivity peaking at the th multipole has to
cover \simgt\ell independent patches to have a lower ``sample variance'' than
for a whole-sky measurement of the quadrupole. Our approach gives a relatively
simple way of attaching an error bar to the theoretical prediction for a
particular experiment, and thereby comparing theories with experimental
results, without the need for computationally-intensive Maximum Likelihood or
Monte Carlo calculations.Comment: 6 pages in Plain TeX with 1 postscript figure appende
Non-isothermal X-ray Emitting Gas in Clusters of Galaxies
We have analyzed X-ray spectra from six galaxy clusters which contain cooling
flows: A85, A478, A1795, A2142, A2147, & A2199. The X-ray spectra were taken
with the HEAO1-A2 Medium and High Energy Detectors and the Einstein Solid State
Spectrometer. For each cluster, we simultaneously fit the spectra from these
three detectors with models incorporating one or more emission components
comprised of either thermal or cooling flow models. Five of the clusters (all
but A2142) are better fit by a multi-component model (a cooling flow plus one
or two thermal components or a two thermal component model) than by isothermal
models. In four of the clusters (A85, A1795, A2147, & A2199), we find evidence
for cool gas outside of the canonical cooling flow region. These latter four
clusters can be characterized by three temperature components: a temperature
inversion in the central region, a hotter region with an emission-weighted
temperature which is higher than that of an isothermal model fit to the entire
cluster, and a cooler region with an emission-weighted temperature of ~1 keV.
The cool component outside the cooling flow region has a large minimum emission
measure which we attribute, in part, to diffuse cool gas in the outer cluster
atmosphere. If at least some of the cool exterior gas is virialized, this would
imply a radially decreasing temperature profile. Together with the density
profiles we have found, this leads to a baryon fraction in gas which increases
with radius and is larger than that for an isothermal cluster atmosphere.
Consequently, if clusters of galaxies trace the mass distribution in the
Universe, the gas mass fraction we have calculated for an isothermal gas (which
is ~15%) together with the nominal galaxy contribution (~5%) gives a baryon
fraction of ~20%. Using the upper limit to the baryon density derived from BigComment: gzipped tar file of 26 PostScript pages, including 2 figures, 7
tables. Also available at
http://www.astr.ua.edu/preprints/white/INDEX_READ_ME_1st.htm
Relic density and CMB constraints on dark matter annihilation with Sommerfeld enhancement
We calculate how the relic density of dark matter particles is altered when
their annihilation is enhanced by the Sommerfeld mechanism due to a Yukawa
interaction between the annihilating particles. Maintaining a dark matter
abundance consistent with current observational bounds requires the
normalization of the s-wave annihilation cross section to be decreased compared
to a model without enhancement. The level of suppression depends on the
specific parameters of the particle model, with the kinetic decoupling
temperature having the most effect. We find that the cross section can be
reduced by as much as an order of magnitude for extreme cases. We also compute
the mu-type distortion of the CMB energy spectrum caused by energy injection
from such Sommerfeld-enhanced annihilation. Our results indicate that in the
vicinity of resonances, associated with bound states, distortions can be large
enough to be excluded by the upper limit |mu|<9.0x10^(-5) found by the
COBE/FIRAS experiment.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D.
Corrections to eqs. 9,10,14 and 16. Figures updated accordingly. No major
changes to previous results. Website with online tools for Sommerfeld-related
calculations can be found at
http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~vogelsma/sommerfeld
Towards a Molecular Inventory of Protostellar Discs
The chemical environment in circumstellar discs is a unique diagnostic of the
thermal, physical and chemical environment. In this paper we examine the
structure of star formation regions giving rise to low mass stars, and the
chemical environment inside them, and the circumstellar discs around the
developing stars.Comment: 9 page PDF, 550 kbyte
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